- · 《实用中西医结合临床》[05/29]
- · 《实用中西医结合临床》[05/29]
- · 《实用中西医结合临床》[05/29]
- · 《实用中西医结合临床》[05/29]
- · 《实用中西医结合临床》[05/29]
在中西概念与话语间找平衡第四届世界中医翻译(3)
作者:网站采编关键词:
摘要:同样,对于[7]中的“治未病”“上工”“下工”的准确翻译,亦应以其话语体系为根基,才不至过于偏离原意。从理论上讲,“治未病”似乎与“西方预防
同样,对于[7]中的“治未病”“上工”“下工”的准确翻译,亦应以其话语体系为根基,才不至过于偏离原意。从理论上讲,“治未病”似乎与“西方预防医学”相对应。在本文语境中,既不能照搬西医的定义,又要力求对其丰富的中医含义作言简意赅的表述,对此有的参赛者作了详细的注释,不失为一种方法,但更需注意与“中医主张……”的搭配,故参考译文为:TCM promotes the idea of “treating disease before it arises”.这可视为一种变通。
就“上工”和“下工”而言,根据《黄帝内经》的论述,所谓“上工”,指的是最为优秀的医师,故“工”似乎是中国人理解的doctor。对于“上工”“中工”和“下工”,英国中医翻译家魏廼杰(Nigel Wiseman)作了如下解释:In ancient China, a superior practitioner was one with a nine-out-of-ten success rate, a mediocre practitioner (中工) was one with a seven-out-of-ten success rate, and an inferior practitioner (下工) was one with a six-out-of-ten success rate.当然,个人译述时,还可有多种词语的选择,如:An accomplished/excellent doctor/physician treats a malady/malaise/sickness in its preliminary stage by detecting the patient’s overall symptoms, while a blundering/clumsy one starts to act only after an ailment/complaint/condition has occurred or a condition has even worsened.
此外,还有参赛者使用了大量的拉丁语,颇显学术性,但无形中构成了另一种话语体系,从而偏离了中医英译的范畴。
三、在概念与话语间力求精当
对于原文概念与话语的深刻理解、有机结合、得体转述,是构成高质量译文的基本要素。从参赛译文反映出的,除了内容外,在形式上亦不乏如何译得更加精当的问题。
对于[2]“但有着五千年历史的中医,对此则有更为广博的理解”,有的译成:But Chinese medicine, which has a history of five thousand years, has a broader understanding of this.意思似乎不错,但其中的两个has使其语言表述大打折扣;其前半部分完全可以用“with a history of…”。“广博的理解”,有的译文“ (Concerning health…) more extensive, broader and profound understanding of health”显得有些堆砌辞藻,而最后的health则可用代词(如it)或替换词(如the issue),从而避免重复。同时,对于“中医”缩写的表述,有的写成“TCM (traditional Chinese medicine)”,显然颠倒了次序。
其他细节问题,如[1]中的“现代医学认为”,许多译成“Modern medicine believe that…”,忽略了第三人称单数;标题译成“The health concept of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)”,其中的每个单词的首字母都应大写,同时不应在标题中出现附着缩写“(TCM)”。
对于中文书名的处理,如《素问》,许多译文错误使用了“英文书名加中文书名号”的格式(《Plain Questions》),而没有正确采用英文斜体格式(Plain Questions)。同时,中国的历史朝代和历史人物出现在英译文中,应注明年代和生卒日期等。
有些对原文的“低级理解错误”,显然是出于疏忽,如将[1]中的“现代医学”译成“TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine)”,若如鲁迅所说,译后至少看两遍,便不难发现问题。
此外,还有相当数量的拼写错误,这在电子器具和网络异常发达、极易纠错的今天,实属不该。
统而言之,基于中医文化博大精深的性质,对其翻译的认识和提升亦无止境。其中,既要对独特概念的深入挖掘,又需在不同话语系统间的比较、参照;既要保持中医特色,又需借鉴西医及现代学科的概念及术语,力求在二者之间找到恰当平衡及更加完善的转述。 □
【参考译文】
【1】With regard to the factors affecting human health, modern medicine holds that there are four main aspects: biological heredity, living environment, behavioral patterns and medical ,the World Health Organization (WHO) defines “health” as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”.
【2】Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), embedded in a history of 5,000 years, however, has a more profound understanding of the issue.
【3】Macroscopically, TCM examines physiological and pathological changes in relation to the natural world: their isomorphic resonance is explored within a sophisticated framework of “Heaven—Earth—Man”.The “Plain Questions” ofThe Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperorsays,“While everything is provided by the Universe, there is nothing more precious than man whose survival depends on the vital energy of heavenearth and seasonal rules”.Wang Bing (710—805), a medical practitioner in the Tang Dynasty (618—907) also pointed out that “Failing to follow seasonal changes will result in attracting all sorts of pathogens to the body and turning it away from theDao, and in that way a person’s primordialqiwill be extinguished”.“Any kind of nourishing life has thus to be in line with the seasons”.In spring and summer, people prefer cold drinks to cope with the hot weather, which may harm theyang qi(positive force);in autumn and winter, the dry and cold climate drives people to eat spicier food, which may in turn hurt theyin qi(negative force).In a way, TCM always advises that people should pay attention to cultivating theiryangin spring and summer and theiryinin autumn and winter, so as to maintain the body’sqiand blood consistent with the four seasons.
文章来源:《实用中西医结合临床》 网址: http://www.syzxyjhlc.cn/qikandaodu/2021/0223/598.html